Euroscepticism

Euroscepticism is criticism of the european union as a political organisation. Major criticisms include the idea that it weakens the national state, erodes national identity, and is not properly democratic.

papers such as Daily mail, daily express, the daily telegraph, the sun and times have been vocal in their criticism of the eu. Daily express became the first newspaper to actually call for britain to leave the eu with its headline "Get britain out of europe", they also launched a crusade to remove britain from the uk.

Misrepresentations of eu policies

Home-made jam? Eu bosses want to ban it.

This story was printed in newspapers but was completely untrue 
also articals have been used to persuade its readers that the eu is a bad thing. however, it also misrepresents information and the eu.

A misleading headline from the express on the 11th feburary 2010 said "now we have to bail out the euro"
When really we just had to help bail out greece and not the single currency.

How effective is contemporay media regulation? (for or against pcc)

How effective is contemporay media regulation?



FOR

• voluntery for the news papers to sign up so they are more likely to comply with the rules but could be against
• no legal wrangling, quick so it gets resovled and get an appology in the newspaper..
• place to complain.
• It's free for us, its paid by the industry, not the government and not our taxes
• freedom of press

AGAINST

Max Mosely Nazi orgy

• Invasion of privacy
• not in the public interest
• litigation is expensive- media has money to fight back 
• got filmed with oout knowing 
• publish and be damned 

Christopher Jefferies (joanna yates murder)

• Wasn't wrong to bring his name up
• but they sai he was strange
• they said he was obbsesseed with murrder
• went outside his house and wouldn't leave him alone
• made him move out his house
• ruined his reputation

Levison inquirey

• says that the media needs to be changed
• 7 inquireys in 17 years

voluntery- if they dont like the rules then they can just leave

The appology could only be little on page 17 even though the original stoy made front page so the damage is already done.

the public lacked confidence

lacks power

no legal basis

no fines

Four theories of the press

Fredrick S. Siebert 1963 presenteed the four theories of the press to clarify the link between mass media and the political society.

Authoritarian Theory....

• Direct government control of the mass media
• Like North Korea
• Government may punish anyone who questions the states ideology
• Government is always right
• Foreign media isn't allowed if it makes this country a fool

Libertarian theory

• Idea that the individual should be free to publish what they want
• Attacks on the government policies are fully accepted and even encouraged
• no restrictions on import or export
• media professionals have full autonomy within the media organization

The Soviet theory

closely tied to a specific ideology-the communist

Media organisations in this system are not intended to be privately owned and are to serve the interests of the working class 

Both the soviet and the authoritarian acknowledge the government as superior to the media institutions but the mass media in the soviet model are expected to be self regulatory with regard to the content of their messages 

The soviet theory differs from the authoritarian theory in that the media organisations have a certain responsibility to meet the wishes of their audience


The social responsibility theory 

• The media has certain obligations to society:
  Informativeness 
  Truth
  Accuracy
  Objectivity
  Balance
  
  
  Media as a whole is pluralizes, indicating a reflection of the diversity of society as well as access to various points of view 
  Provide an entrance to different mass media for minority groups 
  Journalist is accountable to his audience as well as to the government 
  
  

audience theory

Why do audiences choose to consume certain texts? (newspapers)

• political veiws
• Intrests
• social
• entertainment
• facts
• whats going on in the world

How do people consume texts

• watch
• listen
• hear

what happens when people consumes texts
in some way they will be influenced even if they don't belive it there will be something there


The idea of media effects can be split in to four areas

• direct effect theories
• diffusion theories
• indirect effect theories
• the pluralistic approach

direct effect theories

Hyperdermic needle thoery

audience are passive, the power lies with the message of the text
The message is injected into the audience, such as nazi germany
the frankfurt school mass media
films linked to murder of james bulger in 1993 (childs play 3)

Cultivation theory

• Through reception attitudes, ideas and values may become normalised or natralised; they are accepted rather than considered
• Through repetition the audience may become desensitised towards negative and/or violent representation.

the way media affects attitudes rather than behaviour. the media repeates the same message cultivates the belief in the audience. attitudes and values become normalised. the audience may become desensitised to violence (video games or films)